A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out an arbitrary set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Their ability to follow a sequence of operations, called a program, make computers very flexible and popular. Such computers are used as control systems for a very wide variety of industrial andconsumer devices. This includes simple special purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls, but more importantly in general purpose devices like personal computers and mobile devices. The internet is run on computers, and connects millions of these other computers.

Since ancient times, simple manual devices like the abacus aided people in doing calculations. Early in the Industrial Revolution, some mechanical devices were built to automate long tedious tasks, such as patterns for looms. More sophisticated electrical machines did specialized analog calculations in the early 20th century. The first digital electronic calculating machines were developed during World War II. The speed, power, and versatility of computers increased continuously and dramatically since then, to the point of possible artificial intelligence in the near future.

Conventionally, a modern computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to storedinformation. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved.

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Decimal System

Decimal number system is the most commonly used and the most familiar one to the general public. It is also known as Base 10 numbering system since it is based on 10 following symbols: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. In decimal system, every digit has its own position as well as the decimal point. I.e. the number 356.74 has 4 in the Hundredths position, 7 in the Tenths position, 6 in the Units position, 5 in the Tens position, and 3 in the Hundreds position. Decimal number system is also one of the oldest known numeral system, which is historically related to Hindu-Arabic numeral system.

Binary System

Binary is the simplest kind of number system that uses only two digits of 0 and 1. By using these digits computational problems can be solved by machines because in digital electronics a transistor is used in two states. Those two states can be represented by 0 and 1. That is why this number system is the most preferred in modern computer engineer, networking and communication specialists, and other professionals.

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